Awareness of core information about tuberculosis prevention and control among residents in Jiangxi Province / 预防医学

Objective@#To investigate the core information about tuberculosis prevention and control knowledge among residents in Jiangxi Province, so as to provide insights into formulation of health education strategy for tuberculosis prevention and control. @*Methods@#Permanent residents at ages of 15 years and older were sampled from Jiangxi Province using a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method from January to June 2021. Participants' demographic features and access to health education for tuberculosis prevention and control were collected through questionnaires, and the awareness of core information about tuberculosis prevention and control was investigated according to Key Points for Core Information and Knowledge about Tuberculosis Prevention and Control (2016 version). @*Results@#A total of 1 280 questionnaires were allocated, and 1 217 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 95.08%. The respondents included 605 men (49.71%) and 612 women (50.29%), and had a mean age of (50.05±15.78) years. The overall awareness of core information of tuberculosis prevention and control was 80.46%, and the awareness rates of “Pulmonary tuberculosis is suspected and timely healthcare-seeking is required if you have cough or expectoration for more than 2 weeks”, “Pulmonary tuberculosis is mainly transmitted via respiratory tract, and everyone is likely to be infected”, “No spit anywhere, covering mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing, and wearing a mouth mask may reduce the transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis”, “Pulmonary tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease that poses a long-term damage to health” and “Most patients may be cured and others are avoided to be infected following standard whole-process treatment” were 90.22%, 86.52%, 85.95%, 80.03% and 59.57%, respectively. There were 491 respondents that were aware of all core information about tuberculosis prevention and control (40.35%), and network was the predominant route for acquiring health education about tuberculosis prevention and control (62.08%, 586/944).@*Conclusions@#The overall awareness of core information about tuberculosis prevention and control did not achieve the target set in the 13th Five-year Plan for Tuberculosis Prevention and Control, and the awareness of tuberculosis treatment-related knowledge was low.

Material Basis and Mechanism of Epimedii Folium Against Osteoporosis Based on Spectrum-Effect Relationship and Network Pharmacology / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To study the material basis and potential molecular mechanism of Epimedii Folium against osteoporosis. Method:The chemical components in 14 batches of Epimedii Folium were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS）. With the activity of alkaline phosphatase （ALP） as the pharmacodynamic index，the partial least squares regression analysis （PLSR） was conducted to establish a model uncovering the spectrum-effect relationship between UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS spectral peak and ALP activity and screen the active components against osteoporosis. Online databases such as the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform （TCMSP），Comparative Toxicogenomics Database （CTD），Database for Annotation，Visualization，and Integrated Discovery （DAVID） and Cytoscape 3.6.1 were employed to predict the possible mechanism of action of Epimedii Folium against osteoporosis. Result:A total of 61 peaks and 56 compounds were identified by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. PLSR showed that icariin，baohuoside Ⅰ，epimedin A，sagittatoside A，and baohuoside Ⅱ might be the active components for Epimedii Folium to inhibit osteoporosis considering their strong correlation with ALP activity. As revealed by the network pharmacological analysis of the five components mentioned above，Epimedii Folium<italic> </italic>mainly regulated seven targets such as tumor necrosis factor （TNF），androgen receptor （AR），and estrogen receptor 1 （ESR1） and eight key pathways like endocrine and other factor-regulated calcium reabsorption，vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） signaling pathway，and transient receptor potential （TRP） channels to exert its anti-osteoporosis effect. Conclusion:The exploration of material basis and potential molecular mechanism of Epimedii Folium against osteoporosis based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS，spectrum-effect relationship，and network pharmacology has provided an experimental basis for the scientific explanation and clinical application of Epimedii Folium in treating osteoporosis.

Study on modern drying processing method for Trichosanthis Pericarpium based on multi-bioactive constituents / 中草药

Objective: To compare the effects of different drying methods on the quality of Trichosanthis Pericarpium, and screen the suitable drying methods for its modern drying processing. Methods: The fresh Trichosanthis Pericarpium collected from Anhui were processed by traditional and modern drying processing methods [hot air drying (40, 50, 60, 70 ℃), microwave vacuum drying (40, 50, 60, 70 ℃; vacuum -0.08 MPa), short-wave infrared drying (50, 60, 70 ℃), vacuum -80 ℃ lyophilization, traditional solar drying, shadow drying]. Combined with the appearance of the samples after drying, the composition and content of the 40 resource chemical compositions [five kinds of flavonoids (rutin, luteoloside, apigenin-7-O-glucuronide, apigenin, tangeretin), three kinds of triterpenoids (cucurbitacin D, cucurbitacin B, cucurbitacin E)] and nutritional nourishing ingredients [two kinds of saccharides (glucose, fructose), eighteen kinds of amino acids (phenylalanine, L-leucine, iso-leucine, L-tryptophan, γ-aminobutyric acid, L-methionine, L-valine, L-proline, L-tyrosine, trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline, L-threonine, L-glutamic acid, L-glutamine, L-serine, L-asparagine, L-citrulline, L-arginine, L-lysine), and twelve kinds of nucleosides (thymidine, 2’-deoxyuridine, adenine, uridine, adenosine, 2’-deoxyinosine, inosine, cytosine, guanine, 2’-deoxyguanosine, cytidine, guanosine)] were evaluated for comprehensively evaluating the quality of the different samples. The best modern drying method for Trichosanthis Pericarpium was preferred by principal component analysis. Results: Among different dry samples, the content of medicinal ingredients and nutrient nourishing ingredients varied greatly, among which fructose and glucose content ranged from 9.78% to 21.32% and 4.46% to 15.63%, respectively. Samples of 70 ℃ microwave vacuum drying had the highest total amount of flavonoids and tetracyclic triterpenoids, while those of 40 ℃ hot air drying treatment were the lowest. Through comprehensive evaluation of 14 kinds of Trichosanthis Pericarpium samples obtained by different drying methods, it was found that samples of 70 ℃ hot air drying, 70 ℃ short-wave infrared drying, vacuum -80 ℃ lyophilization, 50 ℃ microwave vacuum drying and 60 ℃ hot air drying were better than the traditional solar drying. Conclusion: Combined with the appearance of the medicinal properties, color, texture, drying time and functional ingredients, it was recommended that 70 ℃ hot air drying method was the preferred conditions for production based on the current state of the equipment of company. Based on the development of new equipment in the future, short-wave infrared 70 ℃ drying can be used as the development direction of Trichosanthis Pericarpium. The study provided reference for the standardization and quality characteristics of production of Trichosanthis Pericarpium.

Effects and mechanism of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth combined with hyperbaric oxygen therapy in type 2 diabetic rats

OBJECTIVES: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are potentially ideal for type 2 diabetes treatment, owing to their multidirectional differentiation ability and immunomodulatory properties. Here we investigated whether the stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) in combination with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) could treat type 2 diabetic rats, and explored the underlying mechanism. METHODS: SD rats were used to generate a type 2 diabetes model, which received stem cell therapy, HBO therapy, or both together. Before and after treatment, body weight, blood glucose, and serum insulin, blood lipid, pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6), and urinary proteins were measured and compared. After 6 weeks, rats were sacrificed and their organs were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunofluorescence staining for insulin and glucagon; apoptosis and proliferation were analyzed in islet cells. Structural changes in islets were observed under an electron microscope. Expression levels of Pdx1, Ngn3, and Pax4 mRNAs in the pancreas were assessed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). RESULTS: In comparison with diabetic mice, those treated with the combination or SHE therapy showed decreased blood glucose, insulin resistance, serum lipids, and pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased body weight and serum insulin. The morphology and structure of pancreatic islets improved, as evident from an increase in insulin-positive cells and a decrease in glucagon-positive cells. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining of islet cells revealed the decreased apoptosis index, while Ki67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen staining showed increased proliferation index. Pancreatic expression of Pdx1, Ngn3, and Pax4 was upregulated. CONCLUSION: SHED combined with HBO therapy was effective for treating type 2 diabetic rats. The underlying mechanism may involve SHED-mediated increase in the proliferation and trans-differentiation of islet β-cells and decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis of islets.

Effects of pungent essential oil from three Chinese herbs on percutaneous absorption of alkaloids from Sophorae Flavescentis Radix / 中国中药杂志

To investigate the effects of essential oil from three kinds of pungent herbs,namely Menthae Haplocalycis Herba,Atractylodis Rhizoma and Cnidii Fructus,on the transdermal absorption in vitro of alkaloids from Sophorae Flavescentis Radix. The modified vertical Franz diffusion cell was used to conduct a transdermal experiment in vitro with the isolated abdominal skin of the SD rats as the transdermal absorption barrier. The effects of such three kinds of pungent essential oil on percutaneous absorption of alkaloids from Sophorae Flavescentis Radix were investigated by determining the content of 6 alkaloids( oxymatrine,oxysophocarpine,N-methylcytisine,sophoridine,matrine,and sophocarpidine) in the transdermal acceptor with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadruple mass spectrometry( UPLC-TQ-MS) technique simultaneously. With enhancement ratio( ER) as the index,their effects on promoting penetration was as follows: 1% Atractylodis Rhizoma oil > 1% Cnidii Fructus oil > 3% Azone ≈ 3% Atractylodis Rhizoma oil > 5%Atractylodis Rhizoma oil > 3% Cnidii Fructus oil ≈ 5% Cnidii Fructus oil > 3% Menthae Haplocalycis Herba oil > 5% Menthae Haplocalycis Herba oil > 1% Menthae Haplocalycis Herba oil > Blank. The results showed that these three kinds of pungent essential oil could be used as enhancers for alkaloids of Sophorae Flavescentis Radix,providing scientific guidance for improving percutaneous absorption of alkaloids from Sophorae Flavescentis Radix.

Identification of metabolites of Reduning injection in rat plasma, bile, urine and feces after intravenous administration / 药学学报

This study was designed to determine the metabolites of Renduining injection in rats. The ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-LTQ Orbitrap mass spectrometric (UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS) and mass defect filter techniques were applied to analyze the metabolites of Reduning injection in rat plasma, bile, urine and feces. As a result, we determined 14 metabolites of geniposide, including oxidation, dehydration, hydroxymethylene loss, hydrolysis, ring-opened, cysteine conjugation and glucuronidation conjugation of aglycone; 9 metabolites of geniposidic acid, consisting of dehydration, ring-opened, double-bond reduction and cysteine conjugation; 6 metabolites of secoxylogain including hydrolysis, hydroxymethylene loss, hydroxylation and ethylation; 12 metabolites of chlorogenic acid, containing decarboxylation, hydrolysis, methylation, acetylation, cysteinylglycine conjugation and glutathione conjugation. It provided information for the therapeutic effect of Reduning in vivo.

Rational drug use analysis of antibiotics in surgical operation with nursing intervention

Rational use of antibiotics is an important part of clinical pharmacy in hospitals. In this paper, we compared and analyzed the use of antibiotics in 2016 and 2017, and put forward corresponding interventions. The results showed that the irrational use of drugs after the intervention was significantly reduced [p<0.05]. The antibacterials used before the intervention was mainly cephalosporins [45.4%] and quinolones [26.2%]. The antibiotics used after intervention was mainly cephalosporins [77.9%] and clindamycin [11.6%]. There is no significant difference in the incidence of SSI in combination with a selection of appropriate antimicrobial agents and a variety of antibiotics and an irrational combination of drugs will increase the incidence of adverse drug reactions. Through the implementation of various intervention measures, the clinicians' awareness of the rational application of antimicrobial drugs has been improved significantly, and the rationality of drug use indications, medication course, drug selection, sample delivery rate and so on have been improved to varying degrees

Analysis and evaluation of eight active ingredients in Lilium lancifolium from different regions / 中国中药杂志

This study established a rapid UPLC-TQ-MS/MS method for determination of eight active ingredients in Lilium lancifolium. The contents range of regaloside E, F, C and B are as follows: 0.604 0×10⁻¹-18.62×10⁻¹, 0.680 0×10⁻²-44.75×10⁻², 0.700 0×10⁻³-29.65×10⁻¹, 0.170 0×10⁻¹-4.724 mg•g⁻¹; the contents of chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, protocatechualdehyde and ferulic acid, within the range of 6.827×10⁻³-16.07×10⁻³, 0.011 1×10⁻³-79.71×10⁻³, 0.593 7×10⁻³-2.962×10⁻³, 2.606×10⁻²-45.89×10⁻² mg•g⁻¹, respectively. According to PCA (principal components analysis) plotting, 35 batches can be divided into two categories, namely Anhui Huoshan and Hunan Longshan. The main different elements between these two categories are caffeic acid and ferulic acid according to the VIP (variable importance in the projection) points figure. Based on comprehensive principal component values, there are eight batches of L. lancifolium from Huoshan among the comprehensive ranking of ten. The UPLC-TQ-MS method for simultaneous analysis of eight active ingredients is accurate, efficient and convenient. This result can provide scientific basis for quality control of L. lancifolium.

Analysis and evaluation of alkaloids and flavonoids in flower of Sophora flavescens from Shanxi province / 中国中药杂志

This study intends to explore the potential resource-orientedutilization value of the flower of Sophora flavescents by analyzing alkaloids and flavonoids in the flower of S. flavescens from Shanxi province. This study established a rapid UPLC-TQ-MS/MS method that is used for determination of seven alkaloids and seven flavonoids in the flower of S.flavescens. The different florescences all have the seven detected alkaloids such as cytisine, oxy-matrine, oxy-sophocarpine, sophoridine, N-methylcytisine, matrine, sophocarpine.The total contents of detected alkaloids are as follows: flower buds 1.47%, primal flowers 1.34%, full bloomed flowers 1.17%, faded flowers 1.01%. The top three contents of alkaloids are N-methylcytisine , oxy-sophocarpine and oxymatrine, accounting for about 83% of the total amount of detected alkaloids. All the samples in different florescences have the seven detected flavonoids such as rutin, luteolin, quercetin, isoquercitrin, trifolirhizin, kurarinone, and kushenol I. The total contents of detected alkaloids are as follows: flower buds 495.2 μg•g⁻¹, primal flowers 313.7 μg•g⁻¹, faded flowers 224.2 μg•g⁻¹, full bloomed flowers 193.0 μg•g⁻¹. The content of luteolinis relatively higher than other detected flavonoids, accounting for about 89%-94% of the total amount of detected flavonoids. The results indicated that the flower of S.flavescens could be an important material resource to obtain the resourceful alkaloids. This result can provide scientific basis for resource-oriented utilization and industrial development of the flower of S. flavescens.

Metrological analysis and evaluation of the acupuncture-moxibustion spectrum of digestive system diseases in modern literature / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To review the literature from 1954-2005 on acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of digestive system diseases and objectively reflect the acupuncture-moxibustion spectrum of digestive system diseases by literature metrology and assessment, so as to better exert the advantages of acupuncture-moxibustion medicine.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A statistical analysis was made by the method of metrological analysis according to the data from "China modern acupuncture-moxibustion information databank".</p><p><b>RESULTS AND CONCLUSION</b>The acupuncture-moxibustion spectrum of digestive system diseases of 91 kinds include 11 kinds of medical records; the effective diseases of acupuncture and moxibustion include hiccup, abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation, vomiting, intestinal pseudo-obstruction, hemorrhoids. The determination of the disease spectrum of acupuncture and moxibustion needs further study.</p>